![]() ![]() This law was discovered independently by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb in 1785, who published it so that it is now known with his name. The theoretical principle behind them, Coulomb's law, was discovered but not published, by Henry Cavendish in 1771. The first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices described in experiments by Scottish monk Andrew Gordon and American experimenter Benjamin Franklin in the 1740s. Magnetic solenoids are also transducers that convert electrical power to mechanical motion, but can produce motion over only a limited distance.įaraday's electromagnetic experiment, 1821, the first demonstration of the conversion of electrical energy into motion īefore modern electromagnetic motors, experimental motors that worked by electrostatic force were investigated. An electric motor is generally designed for continuous rotation, or for linear movement over a significant distance compared to its size. In certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with traction motors, electric motors can be used in reverse as generators to recover energy that might otherwise be lost as heat and friction.Įlectric motors produce linear or rotary force ( torque) intended to propel some external mechanism, such as a fan or an elevator. Small motors may be found in electric watches. The largest are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with output exceeding 100 megawatts.Īpplications include industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, vehicles, and disk drives. Standardized motors provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. They can be powered by AC or DC, be brushed or brushless, single-phase, two-phase, or three-phase, axial or radial flux, and may be air-cooled or liquid-cooled. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.Įlectric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters or electrical generators.Įlectric motors may be classified by considerations such as power source type, construction, application and type of motion output. ![]() ![]() Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. Animation showing operation of a brushed DC electric motorĪn electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. ![]()
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